US Penal Tariff Refund - Court Ruled "Yes to Refund"

US courts (basis Supreme Court ruling quashing penal tariffs) has ruled that customs should refund all the penal tariffs collected to the importers.  This will be a biggest refund in history amounting to approximately $175 billion.  Efforts of US Government to slow down the refund ruling did not succeed.  Now the authorities should find out a way on how to refund the penal tariffs collected.  Yes there will be an appeal but I do not think it will take much time, sooner the refunds have to happen.

Exporters from India should contact their buyers and negotiate on refund of discounts which they offered in lieu of these penal tariffs.  I know it is not an easy task but we should set the ball rolling. 

Dollar Appreciating!

USD appreciated sharply against Euro by 1% in 2 days (its best in last seven months) signaling strengthening of USD in context of the recent geo-political situation   

Many things favoured this appreciation of USD of which three are more pertinent - 

• one reversal of penal tariffs by Supreme Courts of US which lead to some stability in trade
• second return of safe haven status to USD aftermath of recent geo-political stress especially conflict in Iran and 
• third with oil prices shooting up due to conflict, US will be mainly insulated as they have local supplies of oil but Euro zone will have to bear the brunt of price increases which means inflation and depreciation of their currency leading to strengthening of USD.

Question : Is this appreciation of USD sustainable, to me it seems to be yes considering the tensions and oil price jumps anticipated.  But let us keep our fingers crossed and wait